1987年聯合國「環境與發展委員會發表「我們共同的未來(Our Common Future)」的宣言,提出永續發展定義:「滿足當代需求的發展,但不損害後代需求的能力」。
1991年IUCN、UNEP和WWF聯合出版關懷地球—一個永續生存的策略(Caring for the Earth—A Strategy for Sustainable Living )所提的永續發展的定義:「生存於不超越維生系統的負荷力之情況下,改善人類的生活品質」。1991年國際生態學聯合會(INTECOL)和國際生物科學聯合會(International Union of Biological Sciences)聯合召開永續發展討論會,對永續發展的定義:「保護和加強環境系統的生產和更新能力」。
聯合國環境規劃署(United Nations Environment Programme,UNEP)永續資源管理國際小組(International Panel for Sustainable Resource Management) 2010《消費和生產對環境影響的評估:重點產品與材料》(Assessing the Environmental Impacts of Consumption and Production: Priority Products and Materials)
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